Changes in revenue, expense allocations, and donor concentration can create Form 990 complications that aren’t always visible in the financial statements alone. This article walks nonprofit leaders through three key areas to review before year-end: supporting expense classifications across program, management, and fundraising functions; evaluating whether new income-producing activities trigger unrelated business income tax; and monitoring public-support calculations when donor concentration is rising. Addressing these issues early keeps year-end surprises to a minimum and helps protect your organization’s tax-exempt status.

The backdoor Roth IRA strategy can trigger an unexpected tax bill if you overlook the pro-rata rule, which requires the IRS to treat all of your traditional IRA balances together when calculating how much of a conversion is taxable. A separate account, a prior 401(k) rollover, or even a year-end IRA balance you didn’t have at the time of conversion can all affect the result. Before contributing or converting, review your full IRA picture to avoid a costly surprise at tax time.